zirconia toughened alumina ndi ceramic yapamwamba yomwe imapereka mphamvu komanso kulimba kuposa alumina. Izi zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito aluminium oxide yosakanikirana ndi zirconium oxide yomwe yakhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito yttria., ceria, kapena magnesia monga stabilizers.Kuwonjezera kwa zipangizozi kumapangitsa ZTA kuthyoka kugonjetsedwa ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zake zosinthika ndi zopondereza., komanso kupirira kutentha kwambiri.
Ndi biocompatible
zirconia toughened alumina ndi biocompatible komanso m'malo mwabwino kwambiri zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri mu zida zamankhwala, kugwira ntchito ngati njira yabwino yolimbana ndi dzimbiri. Kutha kupirira kutentha kwakukulu pamene kumakhala kolimba kwambiri, ZTA ilinso ndi kukana kwabwino kovala kofunikira kuti igwire ntchito kwanthawi yayitali ndipo imakhala ndi anti-friction pamwamba kuti ikhale yosavuta kuyeretsa.; kuphatikiza apo, kukana kwake kuvala kwapamwamba kumapangitsa kukhala njira yoyenera yosindikizira ma valve.
ZTA ili ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha mphamvu ndi kulemera, ndi kukanika kwake kukhala kokha 4.3 g/cm3. Zimapereka kukhazikika kwabwino kwamatenthedwe ndipo zimatha kupangidwa mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito zida zogaya wamba. Kutentha kwake kwakukulu kogwira ntchito kwa 1923 K ndi coefficient yokulitsa matenthedwe onse amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina wamba, ndipo ali ndi ziwerengero za Poisson za 0.26, 130ksi ya mphamvu yopindika, ndi 47x106psi elasticity mlingo.
Matrix a alumina amalimbikitsidwa ndi zirconia ndi strontium aluminate kuti awonjezere kulimba ndi kukana kwa abrasion ya zinthu zophatikizika izi., pamene akuchita ngati crack nsonga blunters, komanso kukulitsa kulimba kwa fracture kudzera mu njira zosinthira ndi kubalalitsidwa kolimbikitsa. Komanso, bioactivity yake imalimbikitsa mapangidwe a mafupa pamene nthawi imodzi imapangitsa kuti osseointegration ya implants ya mano.
Strontium aluminate imapereka kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri, pamene zirconia imawonjezera kulimba kwake polimbikitsa kuphulika kwa fracture. Komanso, zirconia imagwira ntchito ngati insulator yamagetsi yomwe imapangitsa kuti zinthuzi zikhale zoyenera kwambiri kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi manja kuti zipewe kumangidwa kwa static charge.
Zirconia imatha kusinthidwa ndi ma oxides osiyanasiyana kuti ilimbitse ndikulimbitsa, kuphatikizapo yttria, ceria ndi magnesia monga wothandizira wokhazikika. Alumina-stabilized zirconia (CSZ) ndizoyenera makamaka m'malo am'madzi chifukwa cha kukana kwake motsutsana ndi kuukira kwamadzi kwa mamolekyulu komanso kulimba kwamphamvu komanso kulimba..
Alumina-stabilized zirconia amatha kukhala m'malo mwazitsulo zazitsulo zomwe zimayikidwa m'mano., kutumikira kulumikiza akorona kuti anaika mano pamene kupirira milingo mkulu wa nkhawa. Mitsuko yachitsulo idapangidwa kale kuchokera ku titaniyamu; izi zinali ndi zida zamakina zazikulu koma zosakongoletsa bwino; za ceramic zakhala zikuyenda bwino komanso kukhazikika.
Ndizovuta
Kusintha toughening ndi njira yomwe kuwonjezera yttria-stabilised zirconia ku alumina matrix kumawonjezera kulimba kwa fracture ndi mphamvu ya ceramic.. Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zambiri zosinthasintha, kulimba kwa fracture, kugawa kukula kwa tirigu ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa zirconia-aluminium ceramics; Kuonjezera apo, amadzitamandira kwambiri chifukwa cha kutentha kwa kutentha komwe kumawapangitsa kukhala zipangizo zoyenera zogwiritsira ntchito chisindikizo cha valve popanda zotsatirapo kapena zovulaza pa matupi aumunthu..
Kuwonjezera kwa yttria-stabilised zirconia (YSZ) ku matrix a alumina amapereka mphamvu zowonjezera komanso kulimba pamtengo wokongola poyerekeza ndi YSZ yoyera. Komanso, zinthu izi zikuwonetsa kukana kovala bwino, otsika dielectric okhazikika ndipo ndi opepuka pang'ono poyerekeza ndi zida zina za alumina; Komanso imatulutsa zirconium oxide ceramics ena mwakukhala olimba kwambiri pamatenthedwe apamwamba okhala ndi mphamvu zolimbana ndi mankhwala..
zirconia toughened alumina ndi chinthu choyenera kupanga masamba odulira chifukwa cha kuuma kwake, kuvala-kukana, kutentha kutentha ndi kukana kukangana – makhalidwe amenenso kukhala otsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa njira kudula zida kupanga zipangizo.
ZTA imapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira gel, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusakaniza alumina ufa ndi yttria-stabilised zirconia pamodzi kuti apange slurry., kenako ndikuwumba chinthu ichi kukhala mawonekedwe ofunikira pogwiritsa ntchito nkhungu. Pambuyo kuyanika ndi madzi desiccant, nkhaniyi imadutsa mu pyrolysis ndi sintering isanakhale gawo la mawonekedwe ake omaliza.
Zirconia-toughened sinter imawonetsa zinthu zabwino zamakina, kuphatikizapo fracture kulimba, flexural mphamvu ndi elasticity. The pazipita ntchito kutentha ndi 1923 K ndi mphamvu yowonjezera kutentha imayima pa 8.1x 10-6 C-1 pomwe chiŵerengero cha Poisson chikuyima 0.26 ndipo mphamvu yake yosinthika imatha kufika 130ksi.
zirconia toughened alumina ikhoza kupangidwa kudzera mu sintering yamagetsi yamagetsi kapena sintering high pressure sintering, njira ziwiri zomwe zimapanga zowuma kwambiri komanso zolimba za ceramic zokhala ndi makhiristo abwino. Kuwala kwa magetsi kumawonetsa zinthu zobiriwira kumagetsi amagetsi mpaka zitawala, kumabweretsa kachulukidwe pa kwambiri kuchepetsa kutentha sintering; high-pressure sintering imagwiritsa ntchito ufa wochuluka wa sintered womwe umapanga mawonekedwe a kristalo pamene nthawi imodzi imasintha mawonekedwe ake a atomiki ndi amagetsi..
Imalimbana ndi kutentha
ZTA ndi zinthu zapamwamba zomwe zimaphatikiza mphamvu ndi kuvala kukana kwa zirconia ndi matenthedwe a alumina kuti agwiritse ntchito mosiyanasiyana pazida zodulira., ma ceramics apamwamba ndi zina zambiri. Chifukwa cha kuphatikiza uku, imapereka kulimba kwambiri kuposa imodzi yokha, komanso kukhala wamphamvu kuposa tungsten carbide ndi boron nitride – yabwino kwa mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kulimba komanso kulimba.
ZTA ceramic imadziwika ndi mphamvu zake zapamwamba, komanso kusamva kuukira kwa mankhwala ndi abrasion. Ndi mphamvu zapamwamba komanso zosinthika zomwe zimaposa alumina ndi kutsika kwamafuta otsika, zimapanga chisankho chabwino kwambiri pazinthu zomwe zimafuna njira zoziziritsira monga mafani oziziritsa. Komanso, ZTA imalepheretsa kusweka kapena kusweka, kupanga kukhala chimodzi mwazinthu zolimba komanso zolimba kwambiri za ceramic pamsika masiku ano.
Ma composites a Ceramic amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zophatikizika za sintering ndi njira zotentha za isostatic kuti apange.. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti zida zonse zikuphatikizidwa kwathunthu popanda mipata yomwe ingasokoneze kukhulupirika kwake, motero kutulutsa mphamvu zosinthika kwambiri komanso zopondereza za zinthu, pamodzi ndi kutukula-kukana kupambana kwa alumina yekha.
Dziwani kuti zirconia toughened alumina sayenera kusokonezedwa ndi alumina-toughened zirconia (KUBWERA). Ngakhale zida zonse zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zofanana, ziwerengero zawo zimasiyana. Mu ZTA chiŵerengerochi chimatsimikizira malo ake omaliza omwe amalola kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zenizeni za ntchito.
ZTA ndi njira yabwino yopangira ma valve, tchire, pompa mbali, ndi ntchito zamankhwala chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zapamwamba komanso kukana kuvala. Komanso, ZTA ndiyokhazikika pamankhwala, kupirira kutentha, insulator yabwino, yokhala ndi mphamvu yotsika yamagetsi kuposa alumina yoyera ndi ma stabilizing agents monga yttrium, ceria ndi magnesia nthawi zambiri amawonjezedwa ngati okhazikika kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito yake – oxides izi zimathandiza kusintha monoclinic zirconia kukhala tetragonal ndi kiyubiki mawonekedwe zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zolimba kulimbana ndi kusintha kwa kutentha kusiyana ndi mawonekedwe ake a monoclinic ndi kusintha kwa kutentha pakapita nthawi..
Ndizotsika mtengo
Zirconia ndi chinthu cholimba kwambiri komanso cholimba cha ceramic. Ndi kukhazikika kwamphamvu kwamankhwala, mkulu mphamvu / kuuma / dzimbiri mitengo / insulation katundu ndi zabwino magetsi insulating makhalidwe, Zirconia imapanga chisankho chabwino kwambiri chogwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana – kuchokera ku ziwalo za thupi monga matupi a ceramic kapena implants zachipatala, ku magawo omwe amafunikira mphamvu zamakina / kulimba kwambiri monga ma implants azachipatala.
zirconia toughened alumina imagonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri ndi kutentha kwachilengedwe popanda kusweka kapena kusweka, chifukwa cha zirconia particles zomwazika mkati mwa alumina matrix omwe amamwa mphamvu zotentha kuti apange kupsinjika komwe kumalepheretsa kusweka. – chisankho chabwino chakuthupi cha zigawo za ng'anjo, osinthanitsa kutentha kwa mafakitale ndi zigawo za injini ya turbine. Komanso, Kukhazikika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ZTA kuphatikiza ndi kuchuluka kwake kocheperako komwe kumawonjezera kutentha kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida za ng'anjo kapena zida za injini..
Zirconia Alumina Ceramics amapangidwa ndi zinthu ziwiri zosiyana – zirconium oxide ndi aluminium oxide – ndi zirconium oxide kukhala woyera mu mtundu ndi kukana dzimbiri bwino, pomwe aluminium oxide imadzitamandira kuuma kwakukulu; zikaphatikizidwa, amapanga ceramic yapamwamba yomwe imakhala yolimba komanso yoteteza, ndi kuthekera kopangidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana.
Ceramics amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga abrasion monga kugaya kapena mphero. Komanso, amapanga zida zazikulu zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ndi mano chifukwa cha kukana kwawo kuvala, biocompatibility ndi kupulumutsa kwa nthawi yayitali; kupanga ma ceramics awa kukhala chisankho chachuma chanthawi yayitali.
Alumina Toughened Zirconia (KUBWERA) ceramics ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira zinthu zambiri yomwe imabwera yodzaza ndi zabwino zambiri. Zachuma kuposa zawo 99% anzako komabe mofanana ogwira, ATZ imadzitamandira kwambiri kukana kuvala, kusagwirizana kwa mankhwala ndi kulimba kwa fracture pa kutentha kwabwino; chiŵerengero chake cha aluminiyamu ndi zirconia chikhoza kupangidwa malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni za ntchito.
zirconia toughened alumina imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kuchita bwino komanso kupirira. Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti zingathandize kuchepetsa zovuta za opaleshoni yobwezeretsa m'chiuno mwa kuchepetsa kutupa ndi ma abrasion. – izi zitha kukhala zothandiza makamaka pakati pa achinyamata komanso achangu omwe amayembekeza kuti azigwira ntchito nthawi yayitali.